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Grini prison camp ((ノルウェー語:Grini fangeleir), (ドイツ語:Polizeihäftlingslager Grini)) was a Nazi concentration camp in Bærum, Norway, which operated between 1941 and May 1945. In the present time Ila Detention and Security Prison is located here. ==History== Grini was originally built as a women's prison, near an old croft named ''Ilen'' (also written ''Ihlen''), on land bought from the Løvenskiold family by the Norwegian state. The construction of a women's prison started in 1938, but despite being more or less finished in 1940, it did not come into use for its original purpose: Nazi Germany's invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, during World War II, instead precipitated the use of the site for detention by the Nazi regime. At first, the Nazis used the prison to detain Norwegian officers captured during the Norwegian Campaign fighting. This use was discontinued in June 1940, when Norway capitulated. The prison was then used to house Wehrmacht soldiers〔Espeland 2002: p. 110〕 until a concentration camp was established on 14 June 1941.〔 The first detainees were sent from Åneby concentration camp,〔 the use of which was at the same time discontinued. Shortly afterwards, the ranks of prisoners were increased by Soviet troops captured during Operation Barbarossa.〔Giertsen 1946: pp. 9-11〕 The camp was run by Schutzstaffel and Gestapo personnel, who renamed the camp ''Polizeihäftlingslager Grini''. The name corresponds to a nearby farm and surrounding residential district located a short distance southeast of the camp, but historically the area at Ilen had no connection to Grini farm.〔 At first inmates were detained on the premises of the original prison, but in 1942 an extra barracks had to be built to enlarge capacity. In August 1942, the Veidal Prison Camp was created as a subunit of the camp.〔Happe, Katja, & Maja Peers. 2015. ''West- und Nordeuropa Juni 1942–1945''. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, p. 188.〕 Grini was used primarily for Norwegian political prisoners, but the detention of more regular criminals followed. Many were held at Grini before being shipped to camps in Germany;〔 3,402 people in total passed through the camp en route to camps in Germany itself. Similarly, many teachers who took part in the civil disobedience of 1942 were held at Grini for one day before being taken to Kirkenes via Jørstadmoen.〔Christensen 1995〕 A small number of foreign citizens were also held there. Altogether, 19,247 prisoners passed through Grini,〔 and at most (in February 1945) there were 6,208, although not all of these actually sat at Grini at a given time.〔 The total number killed at Grini is unknown, though the Gestapo and police often used the area for purposes of torture and at least eight people were executed there. British airborne troops sent by glider to sabotage the Norsk Hydro heavy-water plant during Operation Freshman crashed in Norway due to foul weather. The five uninjured survivors were taken prisoner and held at Grini concentration camp until 18 January 1943, when they were taken to nearby woods, blindfolded and shot in the back of the head by the Gestapo. This was a war crime, in breach of the Geneva Convention. Executions normally took place at Akershus Fortress or Trandumskogen. Camps in other parts of Norway, including Fannrem, Kvænangen and Bardufoss, were organized as part of the Grini system.〔 German forces also maintained a military camp at Huseby, not far from Grini.〔Espeland, 2002: p. 110〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grini detention camp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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